ATOM PHARMA

  People take medicines to cure, diagnose, treat, or prevent a disease. Most medication contains a couple of ingredients. The most important one is the API, which stands for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient. This is the actual substance in the medicine that has to do the work in your body. For example, the API in Aspirin is “acetylsalicylic acid“. This API will try to fight the pain of your fever or headache. Some medicines carry the name of the API. For instance, the API of Paracetamol is “ paracetamol “. To make a pill, you’ll need more ingredients than just the API. That’s where excipients come in. These ingredients are used to give the pill, for example, volume, a sweet flavor, or a color. The term API is not only used in the pharmaceutical industry, but also in the web developers community the term API is common. For them however, it stands for “Application Programming Interface“. other examples are: ANALGESIC :  aceclofenac , diclofenac potassium , diclofenac sodium , paracetamol

 There’s no way around it – cigarettes are a lot more efficient when it comes to delivering nicotine into your bloodstream. It’s not really surprising – concentration per puff is higher, and smokers take more frequent puffs (there’s no point in wasting a cigarette, right?). According to a study published in Nature, it takes about 35 minutes of proactive vaping to get the same amount of nicotine into the blood as after 5 minutes of smoking a cigarette (provided that the amount of nicotine in both is equivalent). This study deals with high-end vaping products and new generation mods and tanks such as Smok Alien and Limitless tank. On the other hand, if you’re using a simple vape pen (such as our Kind V2 pen, for example) it can take a bit more to get the same results. This doesn’t mean that you should dismiss it entirely – we wholeheartedly recommend V2 to vapers who are trying to cut down on their nicotine consumption, as well as to those who don’t have extreme nicotine cravings in the

 A study done by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has shown that Marlboro brands, which are well known and most used, contain somewhere between 19.4 and 20.3 milligrams of nicotine per gram of tobacco.  Similar to the Marlboro brand are the Newports, which have almost identical numbers. Keep in mind that these numbers are on the high end. On average, the CDC study concluded that cigarettes contain 19.2 mg per gram of tobacco. Something I should note here is that one analog cigarette contains one gram of tobacco. So that’s what you get when you light up one Marlboro — approximately 20mg of nicotine. Now… how does that translate into vapes? After all, you’re putting in your own liquid there… there are several different strengths you can choose from… and the absorption works quite differently, too. According to a bit of back-of-the-napkin math, a hit from a cigarette is equivalent to a hit from a 16mg vape juice. I can’t emphasize enough that this is not an exact scien

There have been several controversies regarding the content of vape juice. This was pioneered by the recent outbreak of e-cigarette and vaping associated lung injury (EVALI) and other health complications. Most theories have linked this outbreak to the high concentration of nicotine in vapes, but information gathered from research proved otherwise. In this article, we’ll outline the components of vape juice and what is used to fill an e-cigarette. The ingredients include the following: Propylene Glycol (PG) PG is described as a thin, colorless, and odorless organic compound used as a base for vape juice. It has a long history of serving important roles in foods and household products like sodas, ice cream, and coffee drinks. PG possesses levels of therapeutic properties and are often used in medical inhalers. As a humectant (ability to absorb moisture), it combines with nicotine to create the usual throat hit effect experienced during vaping. PG is also responsible for the anti-freeze

 Although some e-cigarettes/e-liquids do not contain nicotine, most do, and the nicotine contents of e-cigarettes are variable. Based on vaping machine studies, higher nicotine concentration of e-liquids results in higher nicotine yield of any given e-cigarette . As with combustible tobacco cigarettes, machine-derived nicotine yield of e-cigarettes is not necessarily predictive of users' systemic exposures to nicotine. Other factors such as power of the e-cigarette and user behavior and use patterns are also critical. Nevertheless, e-liquid nicotine concentration may be a determinant of systemic nicotine exposure. Here, the committee reviews current evidence related to the range of nicotine concentrations in commercially available e-cigarettes, whether cartridges of first-generation and closed-tank e-cigarettes or refill liquids used in other open-system e-cigarettes. The committee also discusses labeling accuracy of nicotine content. There is no consensus in the way nicotine stren

  In the New World, tobacco was both thought of as a panacea for all that could ail you and also as a spiritual conduit. Using it cured you, kept you safe, and could give you visions. And it also helped with what was more common in those days: a less reliable food supply. In other words, more people were more hungry more of the time. Tobacco, and the  nicotine  it contained, was an effective appetite suppressant and a food substitute. When you smoked, it both distracted you from thinking about food as well as suppressing the cravings. Nicotine: The Appetite Suppressant We still use tobacco as an appetite suppressant, but more to combat the desire to eat than to survive the times when food is not available. However, the poor (and supermodels) still smoke to alleviate hunger. Historically it appears that many psychoactive substances were adopted precisely because they helped alleviate hunger. Hallucinations were much more common in those days – both because of the use of tobacco (which h

 It is generally accepted that e-cigarettes produce fewer of the toxins found in cigarette smoke. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that this frame is not adequate to tell the entire story regarding individual health impacts. The most recent evidence suggests that e-cigarettes may pose their own unique health harms and that comparison to cigarettes may not be the only relevant question for determining their impact on individual health. Indeed, the growing evidence of potential health risks related to e-cigarette use has led some researchers to question whether e-cigarettes are safer than combustible cigarettes. For more information see “Health Effects”.   he recent outbreak of vaping related lung injuries also supports caution with respect to e-cigarettes. While a substantial number of cases in the recent outbreak of vaping related lung illness (see “Health Effects”) appear to be related to THC vaping and the CDC recently identified vitamin E acetate as a chemical of signif

  What are nicotine salts? Nicotine in Vape Liquid Before diving into nicotine salts, it’s worth understanding where the nicotine in your e-liquid comes from. Nicotine is found in tobacco leaves. It’s found elsewhere (including in some everyday vegetables!) but tobacco leaves are particularly high in the substance. In tobacco, it’s found in the form of salts. But the salts don’t just contain nicotine – they also contain other compounds and protons. To create the freebase nicotine found in most e-liquid and cigarettes, the salts need to be stripped of these protons. To do so, they are soaked in ammonia, which frees the nicotine from its protons. Once freed of its protons, the nicotine turns into a gas-phase form more easily. Gas phase nicotine is more easily deposited in the lungs and crosses membranes more easily. That means it’s going to reach the brain more quickly and more effectively deliver a nicotine hit. The pharma grade nicotine used in quality e-liquid is pure nicotine (usuall

  Nicotine is an alkaloid which is usually considered the addictive element in tobacco. But there’s strong evidence to suggest it is not the only addictive element in tobacco. E-liquid contains nicotine, but not other addictive alkaloids (such as anabasine, anatabine and cotinine) found in cigarettes, and some research suggests that vaping may not be as addictive as smoking. How is nicotine measured in E-Liquid? E-liquid nicotine strength is measured in mg, with the mg equivalent to the strength in percentage terms. Here’s some examples: 18mg: 1.8% 20mg: 2% 0mg: 0% 3mg: 0.3% 12mg: 1.2% The current maximum strength allowed in the UK and Europe is 20mg, or 2%. In reality, most e-liquids available in Europe and the UK contain a maximum of 18mg. This is in stark contrast to a few years ago, when many heavy smokers and former smokers (around 9% of vapers at the time), used nicotine strengths higher than 19mg. ALSO READ: NICOTINE – HOW IT WORKS? NICOTINE CHEMICAL COMPOUND 5 SURPRISING BENEFI

Nicotine by itself is actually viewed as the least harmful of all the compounds found in cigarette smoke, and what’s more nicotine may actually have medicinal benefits for a number of conditions. Professor Polosa pointed out at the 1st Global Forum on Nicotine 2014 that: “Nicotine is not the reason for smoking-related disease: officially it is not a carcinogen it does not cause lung cancer it has minimal effect on cardiovascular disease”  Nicotine in Protecting Against Alzheimer’s No cure has not yet been found for this awful disease, but nicotine shows promise in delaying the onset of Alzhimer’s disease as well as mitigating the associated symptoms due to its neuroprotective effect. A study of people diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (an onset for Alzhimer’s) over six months found that those treated with nicotine demonstrated statistically significant improvement on their reaction time, memory and attention. 2. Enhancing Memory with Nicotine One study on the affect of nicotine

  What It Is? Nicotine is a plant alkaloid, which means that it's a naturally occurring chemical that contains nitrogen. It's also a highly addictive stimulant. Nicotine is most popularly known for its use in cigarettes and tobacco products, but it has some other uses. Although nicotine is predominantly found in tobacco plants, it’s also present in tomatoes, eggplants, potatoes, and green pepper plants. And while they all belong to the nightshade family, the quantities of nicotine in these other plants are much lower than in tobacco plants.   How It Works?   There are certain proteins in our bodies referred to as receptors. These receptors only receive specific neurotransmitters or chemicals. The receptors that nicotine binds to are called nicotinic-cholinergic receptors. Nicotine is an agonist, which means that when it binds to receptors, it brings about a biological response. Nicotinic-cholinergic receptors are found in many places in the body including the brain, neuromuscul

 Nicotine chemical compound Nicotine , an organic compound that is the principal alkaloid of tobacco. (An alkaloid is one of a group of nitrogenous organic compounds that have marked physiological effects on humans.) Nicotine occurs throughout the tobacco plant and especially in the leaves. The compound constitutes about 5 percent of the plant by weight. Both the tobacco plant ( Nicotiana tabacum ) and the compound are named for Jean Nicot, a French ambassador to Portugal, who sent tobacco seeds to Paris in 1550.     Crude nicotine was known by 1571, and the compound was obtained in purified form in 1828; the correct molecular formula was established in 1843, and the first laboratory synthesis was reported in 1904. Nicotine is one of the few liquid alkaloids. In its pure state it is a colourless, odourless liquid with an oily consistency, but when exposed to light or air, it acquires a brown colour and gives off a strong odour of tobacco. Nicotine’s chemical formula is C 10 H 14 N 2 .

PHARMACEUTICAL API The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is the part of any drug that produces the intended effects. Some drugs, such as combination therapies, have multiple active ingredients to treat different symptoms or act in different ways. Production of APIs has traditionally been done by the pharmaceutical companies themselves in their home countries. But in recent years many corporations have opted to send manufacturing overseas to cut costs. This has caused significant changes to how these drugs are regulated, with more rigorous guidelines and inspections put into place. Components of Medications All drugs are made up of two core components—the API, which is the central ingredient, and the excipient, the substances other than the drug that help deliver the medication to your system. Excipients are chemically inactive substances, such as lactose or mineral oil in the pill. Strength of APIs Manufacturers use certain standards to determine how strong the API is in each drug